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June 27, 1950 Memo and Letter regarding Point IV Program, Cover Memo
… june 27, 1950 memo and letter regarding point iv program, cover memo memo and letter regarding the point iv program from the committee on voluntary foreign aid to the u.s. state department, dated june 27, 1950 cover memo | …
June 27, 1950 Memo and Letter regarding Point IV Program, Page 1
… june 27, 1950 memo and letter regarding point iv program, page 1 memo and letter regarding the point iv program from the committee on voluntary foreign aid to the u.s. state department, dated june 27, 1950 cover memo | …
June 27, 1950 Memo and Letter regarding Point IV Program, Page 2
… june 27, 1950 memo and letter regarding point iv program, page 2 memo and letter regarding the point iv program from the committee on voluntary foreign aid to the u.s. state department, dated june 27, 1950 cover memo | …
July 6, 1950 Memo concerning Point IV, Page 1
… july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 1 appendix b letter from george m. elsey to charles murphy dated july 6th, 1950 concerning point iv, page 1 page 1 | page 2 july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 1 page 1 | page 2 back to the top of the page …
July 6, 1950 Memo concerning Point IV, Page 2
… july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 2 appendix letter from george m. elsey to charles murphy dated july 6th, 1950 concerning point iv, page 2 page 1 | page 2 july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 2 page 1 | page 2 back to the top of the page …
July 6, 1950 Memo concerning Point IV, Page 2
… july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 2 appendix b letter from george m. elsey to charles murphy dated july 6th, 1950 concerning point iv, page 2 page 1 | page 2 july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 2 page 1 | page 2 back to the top of the page …
July 6, 1950 Memo concerning Point IV, Page 1
… july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 1 appendix letter from george m. elsey to charles murphy dated july 6th, 1950 concerning point iv, page 1 page 1 | page 2 july 6, 1950 memo concerning point iv, page 1 page 1 | page 2 back to the top of the page …
June 27, 1950 Memo and Letter regarding Point IV Program, Page 3
… june 27, 1950 memo and letter regarding point iv program, page 3 memo and letter regarding the point iv program from the committee on voluntary foreign aid to the u.s. state department, dated june 27, 1950 cover memo | …
Douglas Ensminger Oral History Interview
… s. taylor [1] taylor: dr. ensminger, at the time the inaugural address was made, of course no one knew exactly what the point iv program would be. do you remember what a general consensus in the department of agriculture was regarding point iv? ensminger: both stanley andrews and i believed that point iv was extending our know-how, but interpreted to mean …
Stanley Andrews Oral History Interview
… of foreign agricultural relations, department of agriculture, 1949-51; and director, technical cooperation administration (point iv program), 1952-53. october 31, 1970 richard d. mckinzie see also stanley andrews papers finding aid [ notices and … history interview with stanley andrews alamo, texas october 31, 1970 richard d. mckinzie [1] andrews: what became the point iv concept started a long time before the inaugural address of 1949. it actually started for a different reason than we …
Oral History Interview
… with jonathan b. bingham 1983 richard d. mckinzie [1] mckinzie: i would like to ask you how you happened to get into the point iv program, how you came to the technical cooperation administration. bingham: yes, in 1951, about the middle of 1951no, … the president of oklahoma a & m, who had come in to be the head of the technical cooperation administration, or the point iv agencyand apparently they settled on me as a good candidate for that. i was approached, and it sounded interesting. …
Edwin McCammon Martin Oral History Interview
… france july 6, 1970 by theodore a. wilson [1] wilson: you've had an extremely interesting career from the historian's point of view in particular, because you've been in so many areas that apply, or have application, to the subject. i might … of international trade policy, which involved the president -- although it's interesting only from my personal stand point i suppose. between midnight and 1 o'clock one night in august i took my wife to the doctor, in a blanket, to the … with a staff of about 10 professionals, in dealing with mutual security affairs, and with stan [stanley] andrews on point iv, to give state department policy guidance on the military aid and [26] on technical assistance. this was titled, special …
Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview, October 4, 1973
… through a considerable distortion, i assure you. but we both had the opportunity to speak out at the time. hyde: on that point, mr. clifford, what was it, the tuesday luncheons,the famous luncheons where you met with the president, did that sort … we'd put it in the file, just leave it in the file. the important material that came on through might come down to the point where interior would have two or three suggestions that we thought had presidential significance. agriculture might … no idea what his name was, and he talked to us more about it, and then we talked with him about it, and that became point iv in president truman's inaugural address. that whole program became known as the point iv program, and got a lot of …
Henry Van Zile Hyde Oral History Interview, July 24, 1975
… in an aviation convention that established authority for the aviation organization to adopt regulations. i made a big point of this on the floor of the committee of the whole, and that made a considerable impression. and then i sat down, and … a regulation if notified of it and not take action to have itself excluded from the provision. he hammered away at this point. so, finally this wonderful little irishman couldn't stand it anymore, and he asked for the floor; marched up to the … didn't have the pressure of war to provide large appropriations. it was not a growing program at the time. and then point iv came along; that was the thing that really changed the situation. the institute of inter-american affairs, being the one …
Clark Clifford Oral History
… 280 pennsylvania, 340 pentagon, 83 , 119 , 134 philadelphia, pennsylvania, 255 , 258 phillips, cabel, 57 , 198-199 , 207 point iv, 347 , 352-357 , 358-359 , 363-364 poland, 78 , 254 political memorandum of june 26, 1948, 50-52 , 213-238 potsdam … 235 , 291 , 293 , 369 , 403 , 411 and clifford clark, 3 , 4-5 , 6 , 7 , 9 and truman, harry s., 255-256 and the twenty-one point message to congress, 29-30 , 31 ross, charles, 29 , 36 , 58-59 , 180 , 276-277 , 297 , 382 , 385 , 386 , 390 rostow, …
O.J. McDiarmid Oral History Interview
… and political scientists are interested in why people go into government service. i wonder if you could talk to the point of how you came to go to work for the u.s. government. you were born a canadian citizen. mcdiarmid: yes. i became an … of war (kenneth royall) at that time were very much opposed to this. we drafted a cable to scap to execute a nine point stabilization program. i was in the state department, so i couldn't talk as strongly as the boys in the fed and the … plan idea -- the massive infusion of capital. then, tagging behind, were the service "infrastructures" -- the point iv idea. there have been some people who were involved who, now, many years later, have said that that was a rather raging …
Samuel P. Hayes Oral History Interview
… of policy questions had to be thrashed out. i was involved somewhat in those activities. in fact, when eca got to the point of getting ready to set up its missions in europe, they borrowed me from state for a few weeks. i went to france and to … they did have some operations going on in certain of the underdeveloped countries which were very similar to what the point iv program was planning to undertake. i got involved in the point iv program very deeply right from the beginning. i would …
William E. Warne Oral History Interview
… for water and power development, department of interior, 1950-51; u.s. minister in charge of technical cooperation (point iv), iran 1951-55, and brazil, 1955-56; u.s. minister and economic coordinator for korea, 1956-59. independence, missouri may … in english from the university of california at berkeley, in what year? warne: in 1927. johnson: what did you do at that point? warne: i went back to the imperial valley from the university and managed to become the news editor of the brawley …
Lucius D. Battle Oral History Interview
… timely. i read last night an article by dean acheson in foreign affairs , which will interest you; it is very much on the point we're talking about. i remember most vividly--this is an interesting contrast--two things that happened to me that i … of the nsc; he was around, but i never had many conversations with him over a long period of time. i never knew, at any point, of him veering from the perfect balance of his posture and his place in government. now contrast that with what … white paper was 1950, i think it was 1949. wilson: you were presented--or secretary acheson was presented--with the point iv idea when he came in, which was not originally a state department idea. point iv received an enormous amount of publicity …
Henry Van Zile Hyde Oral History Interviews
… 24 parran, thomas, 12 , 16 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 28-29 , 43 , 60-61 , 119 pasha, aly tewfik shousha, 21-22 , 23 , 24 , 131 point iv, 90 , 98 , 101-102 , 140 , 143 , 144-147 , 191-193 public health service, u.s., 26 , 44 , 138 , 140 , 160 radioactive … and, 1-2 pan-american health organization, and, 126-128 politics, problem of, within countries, comment on, 167-171 point iv, 191-193 , 198-201 in iran, 145 program changes, discussion of, 147-149 "position paper" approach, 27 public health, …
Merwin L. Bohan Oral History Interview
… on the rotarians -- a rotary meeting or something; "up and at 'em boys," that kind of approach. incidentally, i can point to a much more illustrious observer than i am, mr. acheson in his memoirs. if you want to know what i think of mr. … was just the real beginning of a loss of interest in latin america. really and truly, you might use that as the historical point at which the policy of the "good neighbor" and all that went with it, came to an end. mckinzie: during the last years … came up with this idea of a bold new program in 1949 -- a speechwriter gave him the idea -- and he came up with the point iv program. it was to be technical assistance, but it was to be in conjunction with an expansion [63] in investment capital …
Christine Hardy Little Oral History Interview
… strike to terminate so the coffee could be loaded, that i first heard him voice what has [9] become the point 4 program. mckinzie: what were the circumstances of that conversation? little: we were resting after a trip to the … still there. mckinzie: did he, at the time, find it amusing that very many people claimed to have been the author of the point 4 program. little: oh, yes, very much amused. the president of general electric, whose name was charles wilson (it's … 4 atlanta journal , 4 , 24 barnesville, georgia, 1 , 2 , 4 bennett, henry g., 29-30 and hardy, benjamin, 31 and point iv, 29-30 bennett, mrs. henry g., 31-32 biloxi, mississippi, 5 bogota, colombia, 32 brazil, 7-8 , 9 christian science monitor …
William M. Rountree Oral History Interview
… appointed as administrator. rather than return to [5] the treasury department as i had anticipated, i was asked at that point to remain in the newly established lend-lease administration as head of one of the offices. i also served as deputy to … of the goods were american, and the ships bringing them to the area were american. it would be far better from the british point of view and our own if we joined with them in the organization administering this program. the department of state had … program of its kind that the united states had ever undertaken. it was the forerunner of the marshall plan, the point iv programs, and other programs undertaken by the truman administration to meet the new responsibilities that had been thrust …
Hoyt E. Walkup and Russel L. Babb Oral History Interview
… henry bennett, president of the state university and administrator (1951) of the technical cooperation administration ("point four") in the u.s. department of state. stillwater, oklahoma march 17, 1971 by richard d. mckinzie and theodore a. … lot of things that came out of [7] his experience here that really were applied to the matter of the foreign assistance in point iv. we might think about ethiopia today, and what is practically a system of agricultural extension offices. babb: you almost …
John F. Cady Oral History Interview
… academic. and who were interested in selected countries and peoples rather than in the totality of american policy. our point of view differed frequently from that of our european counterparts. for example, anything that had to do with … competent person, was the one that i dealt with repeatedly on the burma issue. he and abbot moffat at times came to the point of such sharp disagreement that they were scarcely on speaking terms, so that i was asked repeatedly to deliver … world, the west was itself going to have to do [44] something to help the people involved. thus, president truman's point iv aid plan was projected in january of 1949. what did that do to us? i was put in charge of a group to prepare a point iv …
Ben Hill Brown Oral History Interview
… bringing troops back from europe. we've got to cut down on the staff there just as far as we possibly can." well, at that point i could have gotten out and come home, but i've gotten interested in it and decided i would stay on. still, a lot of … question as to how far you would go, but we certainly had the feeling that the morgenthau plan was definitely out at this point, after the end of the war. we were beginning to assist in building things back to normal within a month after the … at that time; maybe he was already with the policy planning staff. we had to set up a task force to decide what point iv was, and it more or less developed from there. it wasn't a problem that had been worked on way ahead of time like the …
Francis Russell Oral History Interview
… a wide-range of attitudes toward it. inevitably the "old school" thought it was unnecessary, in fact dangerous. but, the point is we got support from the top, including from harry truman. on several occasions groups were received by the … as possible. this seemed to me to be the best way of making that possible. mckinzie: well, this then brings up another point. [20] you were talking about these 200 organizations as comprising some of the major intellectual leaders of the … of public opinion was with respect to their area . mckinzie: could we ask you to talk about the evolution of the point iv idea and the office of public affairs? russell: ben hardy was one of my most treasured associates, a thoughtful, …
Leo R. Werts Oral History Interview
… supposed to be staying home and taking care of the store." the secretary said, "oh, that makes sense." he didn't press the point. the next day i got a call from mike and i was out somewhere. he got a hold of me on the phone and he said, "what the … was one of president truman's major problems with respect to labor issues. most of the difficult struggles were over that point. fuchs: i've read that, as you have indicated, from administration to administration change was more a matter of … the things, which had to do directly with the program that president truman initiated, was related to the so-called point iv program. when i was in germany, partly, i think, as the result of the president's program -- i'm not sure about the timing …
Thomas D. Cabot Oral History Interview
… you have strong feelings on those questions in that period? cabot: that is difficult for me to recall. my feelings about point iv type of foreign aid developed later. the point iv program started when i was almost ready to leave the state department originally. my trip to egypt was at a lower …
Elbert G. Mathews Oral History Interview
… me with a few others who passed the examinations in 1932. we waited until 1935 to be appointed to the service, at which point i did go to vancouver as vice consul. mckinzie: did you, when you were preparing, ever consider taking one of those … more difficult. so, this was the kind of indications that we got there that the honeymoon was coming apart. mckinzie: as a point of interest for the record, how did you handle social activities when you had enemy official posts in the same city? … going on, so the department was not completely virgin to this sort of business. there had, for example, [31] been a point iv program of sorts going on in liberia from the wartime days, you see. and so i think it certainly is true that nobody had …
Dr. Isador Lubin Oral History Interview
… that view about rebuilding germany? mr. morgenthau’s plan of pastoralization had not been completely repudiated at that point, had it? lubin: no, it hadn't been. as a matter of fact, one of the things that bothered me was that i felt we were … who told me i was going to be elected." as i have said, after that i saw him on occasion. i was very much impressed by the point iv program in his inaugural speech. he was very proud of that point iv program. i remember coming to see him one day and he …
Willard L. Thorp Oral History Interview
… a great pressure to appoint a southern candy manufacturer as head of the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce. from my point of view this is the most important bureau in the department. we've got to fill the post as quickly as possible. will … the tnec (the temporary national economic commission) which was a terribly exciting job. it unfortunately was reaching a point of conclusion when the war came along and we never really made use of all the work that was done. hopkin's illness … this forces him to search for something that gets you out of the rut. in the case of lend-lease, the marshall plan, point iv (and i'm sure that one could find a number of others), there was nothing but just a gleam in the eye that was presented. …
C. Girard Davidson Oral History Interviews
… 16 , 100 , 128 , 130 , 151 , 152 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 180 idaho power company, 151 , 180 inaugural address of 1949 and point iv, 140-143 indian affairs, bureau of, 38, 45 , 96 , 195-197 , 198 , 199 , 200 indians, 96-97 interior department, 10 , 13 , … , 69 , 100 pick, general lewis a., 17 , 18 pick-sloan plan, 17 , 18 pinero, governor jesus t., 202 , 203 pitman, vail, 177 point iv, 140-143 , 216 portland oregon, 3 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 24 , 29 , 178 , 214 presidential campaign of 1948, 122-129 , 131-134 …
Giovanni Malagodi Oral History Interview
… how did you view the actions which the united states took to support integration? malagodi: well, concerning the first point, politically, i was not then officially at the helm of the liberal party, because as i say, i had been several years in … world, but indispensable if europe is to maintain its independence and its culture. [6] well, looking at things from this point of view, in which i believe, and being also a personal friend of president [luigi] einaudi, who as you know was … special attention, a special measure. wilson: was there any serious possibility that there might have been some point iv assistance to the south of italy? it was talked about at the time. malagodi: well, then i believe i was already leaving, …
Davidson Sommers Oral History Interview
… it, and that we didn't want to discourage movements toward more liberalization and freedom. johnson: i suppose at this point we saw the emperor as a stabilizing factor. sommers: this is second or third hand--there was considerable opinion in … policies. but they're not binding on the bank or the monetary fund--which is important, because from a political science point of view, you could say that the bank and the fund roughly reflect the economic and [28] political power realities, … private foreign investment and to promote the private sector in ways which the world bank can't. johnson: now, point iv program, the point iv aid . . . sommers: i'm coming back to that. these newer bank affiliates in many ways resulted from …
Arthur Ringland Oral History Interview
… had their own [33] constituencies. president truman in his letter of may 14, 1946, set up a benchmark that has been the point of reference in the relations of the government and the voluntary agencies throughout the postwar years and since then. … to draft a letter under the chairman's signature to mr. truman, advising him of the situation of voluntary agencies in point iv, what the plans were for them, what part they were taking, etc. voluntary agencies have become one of the major interests …
W. John Kenney Oral History Interview
… that was proposed in the original act. it was the type of unification which i think is the only one that from a practical point of view can be workable, and that is what forrestal initially endeavored to do. that was unification which looked upon … to england and saw lew douglas, who was then the ambassador to england, and discussed the problems of england. at that point, when i was in england, we got word that forrestal had committed suicide. of course, the last thing in the world i then … the wise thing to do. they put the military over in the defense department, which is where it belonged. they put the point iv program in the state department and they put the economic part with us, which i was in favor of. i didn't want anything to …
J. Graham Parsons Oral History Interview
… the east. there was, thus, the feeling that we should be prudent. we recognized that from the long term security planning point of view if there ever was trouble, it would most likely come from the soviet union. this was the only conceivable threat at that point in history. so, at the first postwar meeting of the joint board, i was instructed to foreshadow this line of thinking … embassy, along with every other embassy in the world, was asked what content we might see for the president's [94] point iv announcement. we were getting instructions as to how to proceed in relation to point iv in implementing the policies that …
Henry Van Zile Hyde Oral History Interview, July 16, 1975
… was that as judd was presenting the case in a very effective way; senator lodge, [henry] cabot lodge, interrupted at one point and said, "is that in there to make it different from unesco?" and walter judd said, "yes." lodge said, "well, i'm for … and the floor and what to do about members who aren't members of the u.n.; we'll come back to those." so, i raised the point that there was no point in that, that we had decided to use the u.n. scale which already had a minimum and a maximum. … of one sort or another. in '49, as i say, i went to the iiaa as the director of health and sanitation. and then point iv came on, and tca, and i was director of health and sanitation of that, and then went back to the public health service as …
W. Walton Butterworth Oral History Interview
… clear. i'm very sorry, but now i will repeat what i have to say in shorter phrases." i repeated it and then i came to the point, and i said, "as we begin to win the war," you could see his face twitch but he translated it, "as we begin to win the … difference in the spanish attitude? butterworth: of course . and you pressed for more concessions, and there came a point a little while after the battle of alamein and stalingrad when carlton hayes, the ambassador -- who, as you know, was … that game. later on we did, and i don't think the success of it is particularly noteworthy. wilson: what about the point iv idea that was first directed, at least in theory, toward the far east? butterworth: oh, i don't really think it was. i …
August Maffry Oral History Interview
… of white through secretary morgenthau. and, of course, as members of the american delegation we conformed to the official point of view. mckinzie: when you said that history has born out that lord keynes had a better view, you were speaking, i … this financial [14] assistance to stop the spread of marxist ideology? maffry: yes. we were completely persuaded of that point of view. mckinzie: the 1946 meeting of the board -- by that time i believe john snyder was secretary. maffry: john … technical assistance. maffry: yes. mckinzie: did you have any dealings with henry g. bennett who was the director of point iv at that time? maffry: no. i don't recall that i had any contact with him at that time. mckinzie: his view was that that …
George C. McGhee Oral History Interview
… their interests were inclined to be colloquial rather than in the u.s. interest. mckinzie: this gets into a very delicate point about not only greek-turkish aid, but all aid programs. what is the extent to which the giver has the right to … presided over a conference of chiefs of missions in istanbul. did this have anything to do with the implementation of the point iv program? mcghee: the point iv program as initially enunciated involved a very small 25 million dollar expenditure and …
Leland Barrows Oral History Interview
… identify with him three major departures. one was the greece-turkey program, the next was the marshall plan, the third was point four. from the purely technical point of view of how foreign aid is [2] administered, those all had antecedents, in their inter-american affairs institute, … , 40-46 hoffman, paul g., 19 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 35 inter-american affairs institute, 2 interim aid program, 2 israel, point iv program in, 6 italy, marshall plan aid to, 9-14 katz, milton, 7 , 46-47 lapham, roger, 8 latin america, technical …
Joseph D. Coppock Oral History Interview
… by the time that it really got functioning. i've forgotten, if i ever knew, the exact outcome of it. it illustrates your point. i think the members of the soviet purchasing commission [8] in washington often didn't know what the rationale was; they had requests and they were expected to get what they could of these things. mckinzie: but from your point of view it was appropriate to request this information from all recipients of lend-lease aid. coppock: oh, sure, that's … what kind of program this was going to be? was there, after these original meetings, a pretty clear idea about what point iv should be? coppock: well, sam hayes’ recollection would be much better than mine, but my recollection is that you would …
Donald S. Dawson Oral History Interview, March 16, 1976
… you an advance man or what was your position? dawson: i handled all of the advance work after september 1, and from that point on during the president's tenure of office in his second term. stilley: i understand that you helped with the dallas … in strong national security and defense. he believed strongly in the educational programs that were emerging at that point. social security was a great interest of his. medical care was very close to his heart. but i would generally say that … had. his [21] social, programs within the country i don't think are subject to any criticism whatsoever. the point iv program of technical assistance abroad was again something that probably saved the world as we know it today. further than …
Evan M. Wilson Oral History Interview
… and their background and their philosophies toward foreign affairs. i wonder if you would, for the record, speak to that point? wilson: in my case, it was a question of my having decided at a fairly early age that i wanted to go into the foreign … quite clear from writing you've done, particularly in newspaper articles that you have written, [12] that you made a point to have contact with feuding factions, if you please, in the areas where you worked, and that your purpose was to serve … his inaugural speech in january of 1949, in which he announced the sharing of american technological abundance, the point iv program. did that create any excitement in iran at all? do you recall whether anybody thought that was a potential for …
Henry L. Deimel Oral History Interview
… that we'll get a little more," just showing the way to a solid, moderate, but constantly pressing, not easily giving up, point of view. it is not the idea that you solve the problems of the universe by one formula, but of working to make things … been to restore the farmers to what they had been previously. in other words, the idea from the agricultural specialist point of view was that industrial duties should go down but never agricultural duties. yet, that would have been like trying … is part of the workshop and is needed, so start that first. my second thought was that i followed mr. truman's point iv doctrine, which was, yes, that standards of living can be considerably improved by the adoption of some of our technology. …
John W. Snyder Oral History Interviews
… of, in 1949, 1360-1386 , 1390-1393 reparations for, 1344 philippines, u.s. aid to, 1204-1207 war damage claims, 1366-1369 point iv program, 1194-1202 "poor people's march," 1968, on washington, d.c., 615-620 postmaster general, u.s., role of, 786-787 , … 556-557 surplus equipment, disposal of, 316-320 , 339-340 surplus property disposal in europe, trip regarding, 455-492 "21-point" program, 553-559 wage agreements in steel industry, 417-419 wage stabilization, 351 reconstruction finance …
George M. Elsey Oral History Interview
… for july 10, 1969 interview. appendix b letter from george m. elsey to charles murphy dated july 6th, 1950 concerning point iv. list of subjects discussed a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z acheson, dean, 153 , 269 , 274 , 277 … peron, juan, 377 philadelphia, pennsylvania, 72 , 73 phillips, cabell, 413 pim, richard, 384-385 pinney, frank, jr., 253 point iv, 184 , 373 , 374 , 377 , 392 , 393 , 394 , 396 , 424 , 426 , 441 origins of, 100 , 102 , 143-148 post world war ii …
Phillip W. Voltz Oral History Interview
… electrification administration. after about four years in washington, i transferred to the, what was generally called, the point iv program, at that time under the state department. i was assigned to free china and i was chief of the farmers' … the cooperative movement in any way that he could. hess: do you recall any incident that would help to illustrate that point? voltz: well, i think that during the president’s administration, he strengthened the cooperative section within the …
Edward W. Barrett Oral History Interview
… the glands, and that world war ii was more in the nature of selling a product. elmer davis made that distinction at some point in about 1943. did you sense that there was this kind of difference? world war i was very sentimental. barrett: i … was not difficult if anyone tried anything tricky. mckinzie: you had good cooperation with the military commands at that point, because this was involved [16] with the occupation authority of the army. barrett: at that point we had excellent … doing which would have seemed to have been good material for usis dispatches or pamphlets, and one of them was the point iv program. was that a particular interest of yours? barrett: yes, it was of interest to me, because it [46] was damn good …
Oral History Interview with Edward P. Lilly
… when i got into london, i was totally taken over by the jaundice. i couldn't eat. johnson: you got a little thin at that point. lilly: right. i went to an army hospital and they wouldn't let me out for seven weeks. johnson: what happened after … i was just civilian. most of the people were military. the first man in charge of it was a general, and he had a historic point of view. he said, in effect, "you're a trained historian; you do what you're supposed to do." he also knew that every … 4-5 , 7 , 8 , 10-11 office of strategic services (oss), 6 operations coordination board (ocb), 16 pius xii, pope, 4 point iv, 16 propaganda, 4 , 8-11 , 14 psychological strategy board (psb), 10 , 11-12 , 15 , 16 radio free europe, 13 , 15 radio …
Dean Acheson Oral History Interview
… the question was in getting things done in a quick way. a whole lot of things are mixed up in foreign aid--a few being point iv--the greek-turkish program. of course was a crash course, and that had to be treated differently. there we did administer, … necessary acting alone. acheson: yes, i think probably the most imaginative view of it was my press conference where the point iv program was announced, when i talked about using "material means [7] for immaterial purposes." that's reproduced in …
Winthrop G. Brown Oral History Interview
… a bachelor and i accepted it. i went in in june, i think, of 1945, and i didn't know a tariff from a toothbrush at that point. well, at that time the people in the division of commercial policy, who were really quite a remarkable group of … the cuts and came out with a report that was then sent upstairs which was unanimous except for about 25 items. and at that point -- my chronology is very bad. i can't remember when mr. will clayton became under secretary and when mr. [dean] … in europe? brown: no. it had nothing to. do with that. mckinzie: nothing to do whatsoever with those or with the point iv agreements -- the country agreements that were being made during 1950. brown: no, we did not. mckinzie: could you talk to …
Fraser Wilkins Oral History Interview
… late november. toward the end, as the various members made their views known, the tension mounted rapidly. there was one point in which it appeared that the arabs were making some headway and might be able to get the whole issue referred back to … it might be referred back to the special committee on palestine for further consideration, which, from the parliamentary point of view, would have meant that it was dead until something was proposed to take its place. but toward the end of … of emotional psychological factors on both sides. mckinzie: what about the program that was originally set up, point iv, to stabilize populations in the arab countries? in 1949, in truman's inaugural address, he talked about sharing americas …
Bruce C. Clarke Oral History Interview
… bruce c. clarke oral history interview oral history interview with bruce c. clarke west point graduate and among many commands served as a combat commander in the 7th and 4th armored divisions, 1943-45 … get an education than i had when i dropped out of high school. in 1921 i took a competitive examination to go to west [2] point, and to my amazement, i passed it and was graduated in 1925, as a second lieutenant in the corps of engineers. i served … over there by the secretary of the [42] army to straighten out the public relations. the basis was a poster [see appendix iv ] which i had designed, to orient the troops why they were in germany, and the key was to be a good neighbor to our german …
Dr. Arthur N. Young Oral History Interview
… bank of china, 1929-46; a member of the chinese delegation to bretton woods financial conference, 1944; director of point iv program in saudi arabia, 1951-52; and financial adviser and chief of financial mission to saudi arabia, 1951-52. pasadena, … intervened and would not allow the ministry to discipline those who had blown up that train. that was probably the turning point for japan's adventures that led to pearl harbor and the surrender in 1945. fuchs: did you think that japan's …
Robert R. Nathan Oral History Interview
… who would you say was perhaps the most important influence on you by this time? [4] nathan: well, from the professional point of view, there is no question that it was simon kuznets, who was my professor in graduate school in economics. kuznets … in '42; we'll reach them in '43, and if we don't it will stretch into '44, but we're all out," and so on. he missed the point entirely about scheduling and so forth. he ends up his letter; i think the words were like this: "i have read this … plan aid, did you testify for that'? nathan: i never was active on the european rehabilitation. we got more into the point iv side of the world development, rather than the marshall plan. [85] johnson: you were impressed with the point iv concept? …
Anna Lord Strauss Oral History Interview
… had been saying was that there was a great waste of food in this country and that more should go overseas. to prove this point -- in arlington or alexandria, i'm not quite sure -- but one of the towns near washington decided that they would go … than we had had. but the other countries that didn't know so much were so pleased to have somebody that had an overall point of view as we in the united states had, and not just a personal point of view, and that sort of endeared us to them. i … g. bennett of oklahoma state university, who attended as one of the delegates? he later became the director of the point iv program, and was highly concerned with food, too. he perhaps was on the [15] other committees? strauss: he was on the …
Paul H. Nitze Oral History Interview, August 4, 1975
… policy planning staff; marshall plan; balance of payments policy; committee for european economic cooperation; origins of point iv program; truman doctrine; trieste question; nsc-68; joint strategic survey committee; nuclear war strategy; korean war; … to take into account the prospect that one could be faced with an enemy which possessed weapons of this kind. the second point that seemed to be clear was that if one faced an enemy with nuclear weapons, or in a world in which there were nuclear …
Merrill C. Gay Oral History Interview
… (unctad), and explain, then, how you came to geneva to be the negotiator with china? gay: from the organizational point of view, i suppose [9] i was the logical one to do this. i had been working on far eastern problems from the … the government. so, in response to your question, it was this background, and the fact that from the organizational point of view i was the logical one to head up the team to negotiate with china, that it fell my lot to do so. we -- the team … that, could i ask you to address yourself to the dispersion of donations. the united states in 1949 had proposed the point iv program of technical assistance to underdeveloped areas of the world. then the colombo plan was a kind of veneer over …
C. Tyler Wood Oral History Interview
… problems they had. then, general harrison was asked to come over to the army. the pentagon wasn't fully built at that point and there was a lot of mud around it. and he asked me if i'd come over there with him, so i went over to the pentagon … by abandoning unrra, just as we were about to eat our fill at thanksgiving. the audience applauded loudly. i made the point that the mayor was not aware of the fact that [31] the congress had reached the conclusion that unrra was not … is that fair to say? wood: yes, i think so. there was of course, the rockefeller program in latin america. then the point iv program was started in 1950. then there was a program in india in 1951, which was quite a landmark. but the very great …
John W. Snyder Oral History Interview, June 25, 1969
… views on all the proposals, to modify a repeal, the various taxes and revenues, are pretty well set out in section iv of the secretary of the treasury's report for fiscal '48, and all the miscellaneous revenue legislation that took effect … tax, was introduced and referred to the committee on ways and means on august the 4th of 1948, but it never got to the point of being considered by the congress. that was the famous do-nothing congress that mr. truman referred to in his later … continuity of the endeavor [ 1686] to carry out and consistently look after the established policy of mr. truman. at this point, you and i mentioned last week, i think, something about the role of savings bonds in the debt management program, and …
George M. Elsey Oral History Interview, March 17, 1976
… matters from war to peace. a couple of the issues that mr. truman, president truman, was very much interested in at that point, were universal military training, and the whole question of postwar organization of the armed forces. should there be … efforts to coordinate military assistance, economic assistance, and technical assistance, popularly known in those days as point iv. so, i remained with harriman the final. fourteen months of the truman administration. that's a capsule. now you can take …
J. Wesley Adams Oral History Interview
… time of president roosevelt's death. she arrived in d. c. the next morning with our three-year old son, tommy, who at that point spoke nothing but spanish. he and his grandmother in duluth apparently had had a rather difficult time, being unable to … stations, with almost no notice, carried long and detailed programs about the president's life and death. so, at that point begins the truman story. mckinzie: what did this do to your work? did you find planning for the san francisco … the possibility of receiving u.s. aid. there were a couple of aid missions to egypt at the time you were in cairo. point iv was, of course, part of president truman's inaugural address in 1949 -- got funded in 1950 -- and they sent out some …
Henry Byroade Oral History Interview
… one percent, which i've always been grateful for. then i managed to get an appointment, competitive appointment, to west point. i went there and graduated in the class of 1937. johnson: do you have any brothers or sisters? byroade: i had one … pronounced yitka, as though it were a y. it's a czech name; she was of czech nationality. [3] johnson: so you went to west point in about '34? byroade: in '33. johnson: and got your commission . . . byroade: second lieutenant, and bachelor of … that unpopular with the masses? byroade: no. well, it's hard for a visitor. but, no, i didn't think so. johnson: the point iv program was going to iran. did you have much contact with the point iv personnel, for instance with william warne, who was …
David A. Morse Oral History Interview, August 3, 1977
… the united states about this, if you did? morse: well, that's a very good and interesting question, because up to that point, 1949, the ilo had been an international standards setting organization and advisory body. during the period, i believe, of the point iv program i'd been consulted by willard thorp, who was then i think assistant secretary of state for economic affairs. he …
Philip Kaiser Oral History Interview
… i went off to the country around stockholm and had a wonderful time. but for years i had a problem with italy; that's the point i want to make. italy was a sharp contrast to sweden, with mussolini fatuously trying to recreate the glorious roman … to try to resolve the feuding that did go on between the cio and the af of l leadership. kaiser: well, that's a very good point. what happened was that this was the first time -- and this really is a tribute to david morse -- this was the first … course, truman and roosevelt had the good neighbor policy. there is a long history of american... johnson: well, the point iv program, didn't that include latin america? kaiser: oh indeed, and the ilo, by the way, anticipated the point iv program …
Leroy Stinebower Oral History Interview
… that handled all the problems which the commission seemed unable to come to grips with, i used to have a very cynical point of view that we could get rid of all of these by just giving much larger quotas to all the countries that wanted to … decided without any worry about it in those days. nonetheless, he had no opposition from dean acheson at all on that point, although they couldn't speak to each other politely on a lot of other things. mckinzie: when bretton woods was finally … as a representative of the united states. mckinzie: to what extent did the fact that the marshall plan and the point iv technical cooperation [55] administration were outside the u.n. affect your work? stinebower: the marshall plan didn't …
Durward V. Sandifer Oral History Interview
… the agenda and sort of guided the discussions. pasvolsky was a genius at manipulating people who were opposed to his point of view. i've seen him sit in committees [17] with high-ranking military leaders, who were in disagreement with him, … the latin-american position, and he was a spokesman, so to speak, in the state department for the latin-american point of view. there was a stage at which he thought, and the latin-american element in the state department thought, that … nations that did generate some criticism at home, and that was the provision of technical assistance through the point iv program, beginning in 1950. there were people who said that if that were not a particularly political program, if it …
Oscar L. Chapman Oral History Interviews
… , 248 greater los angeles press club, 396 gruening, ernest, 453 , 712 gulf of mexico oil leases, 497 , 498 , 517 h hainos point, 309 halifax county, virginia, 255 , 256 , 273 , 275-277 , 633-635 , 640 , 933 hamby, alonzo, 592 , 593 , 594 hannegan, … pershing, warren, 315 peru, offshore territorial limits, 519 philippines, 2 pinchot, amos, 452 pinchot, gifford, 451 , 452 point iv, 946 the politburo, 132 , 133 politics and grass , 554 porter, paul a., 324 , 325 portland, oregon, flood of 1948, 217 , …
Robert A. Lovett Oral History Interview
… as nobody i ever saw before and he had personal qualities which were extremely attractive. he was modest almost to the point of a fault, but there wasn't any question of who was boss. and, of course, he was helped almost immeasurably by his … witness what happens when you try to get troops; you get the bay of pigs, a bunch of amateurs. mckinzie: the idea of point iv, because that was an operating agency within the state department, must have occasioned some considerable …
Charles Burton Marshall Oral History Interview
… policy in world war ii; policies and procedures of the house committee on foreign affairs in the postwar period; point iv program; marshall plan; theories and policies regarding foreign aid; mutual defense assistance program; statement of the … harley kilgore? marshall: kilgore, yes. in a way this is perhaps too much of a digression, but let me just make one point about the truman committee. just a sample sort of a question. one of the great items in demand, in short supply, was …
James W. Riddleberger Oral History Interviews
… 6, 1972 ; april 26, 1972 morgenthau plan, for june 24, 1971 ; april 6, 1972 occupation of june 24, 1971 ; april 6, 1972 point four program in june 24, 1971 postwar development, effect of u.s. on june 24, 1971 potsdam conference in april 6, 1972 … george s., jr. june 24, 1971 pearl harbor april 6, 1972 pentagon, the june 24, 1971 poincet, francois june 24, 1971 point iv june 24, 1971 ; april 26, 1972 poland april 6, 1972 ; april 26, 1972 policy planning staff/state department june 24, …
Dr. R. Burr Smith Oral History Interview
… military program. at this time there was, as yet, no thai-american military agreement whatsoever. fuchs: was there any point iv involved here? smith: this was the beginning of point iv. i forgot to say i had worked in the fall of '49 in washington on the beginning of the point iv program, putting …
Dennis A. Fitzgerald Oral History Interview
… mckinzie: we tend sometimes, i think, to get all unglued about the duplication of activities. in 1951 congress passed the point iv program with henry bennett in charge, and in a sense it duplicated some of the activities of eca. do you have any feelings … that one," we just didn't try it. wilson: right. do you happen to know why henry bennett was selected as administrator of point iv? fitzgerald: i don't. wilson: okay. and a little later why was stanley andrews chosen from a long list of candidates …
Edward S. Mason Oral History Interview
… [17] mckinzie: of course, it wasn't just the problem of the soviet union, it was the problem of france at that early point. mason: yes, although that didn't loom anywhere near as large. there were difficulties but it was thought that in the … europe; or was the discussion along the lines of just the rebuilding and allowing the level of industry to reach a certain point in germany; or was it perceived to be a part of a larger problem? mason: i don't believe it was perceived then to be … about and thinking about the newly [39] emerging problems of the less developed world. truman had announced his point iv program: i guess in 1949, something like that. so, the question was is technical assistance going to be enough, or …
Michael H. Cardozo Oral History Interview
… of appeal and still on leave from the new york firm. it was while i was in [4] that job that the war started, and at that point i actually got into international affairs. i went upstairs to the justice department, to the office of oscar cox, whom … quite knew that what was happening, was congress was refusing the money to carry on shipments to russia. at a certain [19] point it became clear that they were not going to appropriate the continued money for the russian shipments but would for the … of germany after some of the military problems were resolved; nor did it wish to operate the foreign aid program, point iv, which president truman had wanted them to do. now, would these kinds of people you're talking about have been willing and …
Harry N. Howard Oral History Interview
… especially the problem of the turkish straits. anybody who did any graduate work with the late robert j. kerner at one point in his career wrote something on that problem. so i was asked to do work in the department of state, among other … i here interject a question about iran? arthur millspaugh wrote a book about iran, in 1946, americans in persia . at one point he implied that president roosevelt thought iran might be the test of soviet principles after the war. howard: very … east in 1949. there was the rockefeller international committee on development, which recommended a river project. point iv made some studies on the litani river in lebanon, and then edwin locke -- who served as u.s. representative on the unrwa …
Jack K. McFall Oral History Interview
… did you carry out your duties as assistant secretary for congressional relations? mcfall: well, in order not to labor this point at length, because that is a rather all-embracing question, i might just cite to you the oral history program that i conducted with cornell university some little time back, in which i dilated on that very point and gave rather extensive comments on practically every phase of the activities of my work during that period [39] of … discussed ] appendix appendix letter from george m. elsey to charles murphy dated july 6th, 1950 concerning point iv. [ top of the page | notices and restrictions | interview transcript | appendix | list of subjects discussed ] list of …
Liberty L. (Bennett) Preston, Mary L. (Bennett) Delozier and Mary B. (Delozier) Harris Oral History Interview
… there. very seldom was it ever just us who ate there. mckinzie: this was when he was here? delozier: even when he was with point iv; when he was back here he always cooked. preston: we had a cook, but he cooked. delozier: oh, we had colored people. … and things and it was part of living. mckinzie: the reason i asked that; i knew at the time he got to be director of point iv, he seemed to be pretty much of a specialist. preston: he was always a student. one thing we learned early, which …
Jose Figueres Ferrer Oral History Interview
… northwest of the united states with mr. nelson rockefeller in a private plane, going from town to town explaining what point 4 was (as we called it then, international assistance), [8] mr. rockefeller, speaking from the point of view of the united states, as a personal representative of mr. truman, which he was at that moment, and i, speaking … de estados centroamericanos, 19 panama, 27 . panama canal, 21 pan american conference, 34 peron, juan, 33 point iv, 7-8 , 11 , 15 punta del este, uruguay, 28 , 29 rockefeller, nelson, 7-8 royal bank of canada, 27 sttca, 14 , 24 san …
Donald C. Blaisdell Oral History Interview
… the state department was involved. mr. edminister's office was designated by the secretary of state to be the focal point in those early days for working out the proper procedures and the proper angles of the assistance that the united … edminster's deputy and liaison with oscar cox and his office of lend-lease reports. as i said earlier, that was the focal point with the people whom the british were sending over here, not on the military end but on the civilian end for all the … to my knowledge there was no bureau of united nations affairs or state department involvement in the preparation of point iv. that meant that once truman had delivered his state of the union message everybody wanted to know what point iv was and …
J. Burke Knapp Oral History Interviews
… of itt, because itt at that time had very large short term debts outstanding in the united states and they were on the point of collapse. through our efforts, and on the credit of their argentine subsidiary, which was one of [5] the most … only sometimes in an advisory capacity. the united states had to introduce exchange control first of all from the point of view of economic warfare -- to seize all enemy [23] assets in the united states. and enemy assets were not only … wasn't an accredited representative, but i sneaked into a few meetings. i also used to attend the meetings of "committee iv." i said earlier that there were three committees. well, "committee iv" met late at night in the nightclub downstairs in …
Frank W. Fetter Oral History Interview
… conscientious, almost meticulous public servant. one of the great problems that i discussed with him (great from his point of view) before we went down was where could he get a portable pasteurizer to prepare the milk for his children. our … nails or that this machinery was going to be used for something that was clearly related to the war was not, from the point of view of our instructions, a necessary reason for granting it. so, we became, without perhaps formally defining … parts was perhaps a little argumentative. it was at a difficult time, because you're talking about a period when point iv was being developed. i know there was a raging argument there over whether you built infrastructures through government …
Dr. John Parke Young Oral History Interview
… my title was changed. but i was the principal state department officer concerned with imf affairs. fuchs: did you at any point get rather involved in [51] erp plans? young: i attended meetings at the treasury, but was not very actively … to restore some sort of health to the international community. to what extent do you think that that was true, and at what point did he arrive at this? [52] young: well, i think it was very logical and correct, within limits, a correct philosophy … exchange rates. we wanted to know what position the u.s. should take on individual countries. fuchs: what about point iv? did you become involved in expenditures or plans for that in any way? young: to a limited extent. it was centered in the …
Nicholas G. Thacher Oral History Interview
… to nehru to influence him to guide india's foreign policy toward support of the free world and the west. henderson would point out the dangers of india's policies of neutralism and of close ties with the ussr. in fact, of course, india did become … of near eastern, south asian and african affairs. byroade was a protege of general marshall. byroade was a brilliant west point graduate, a brigadier at about 34. byroade had come to marshall's attention when byroade was on duty in postwar … away from the sheiks. many of the iraqis of the old regime got out of iraq to save themselves. [62] johnson: point iv was in place, though. thacher: it was in place with the iraqis. the iraqi ruler abdul karim qassim said he wanted to …
Roger Ockrent Oral History Interview
… never taken the floor for belgium in these years. sometimes, and i think snoy did the same, i have opposed the belgian point of view from the chair. and this happened to spaak, too. wilson: quite remarkable. ockrent: yes, but i think that you … just close your eyes and go to sleep. they will go even further than what they had promised to do. wilson: yes, but the point of what you've really been saying is that at that time it would have been much less complicated, much less difficult … the war, to expand american markets abroad. therefore, such programs as the marshall plan, the truman doctrine, and point iv had as a primary aim the expansion of opportunities for american business. now, i wonder if you have a comment on this. …
John H. Ohly Oral History Interview
… period. i forget exactly when he resigned, but he was there in late '46. ohly: yes. mckinzie: he became ill at some point and he was in and out for awhile. by '47 he was gone i believe. ohly: is that right? wilson: his diary is in the … office of european affairs, and theodore c. achilles, then in charge of western european affairs under hickerson. at this point i might add a parenthetical note about general gruenther's role in relation to forrestal and forrestal's office in … for fy-1951 in which it was also contemplated that there might be a technical cooperation administration (or "point iv") program. there was, however, as a result of an amendment added to the fy-1950 legislation at the insistence of senator …
Matthew Connelly Oral History Interviews
… perkins, francis, 376-377 perlmeter, irving, 184-185 philadelphia, 118 , 271 , 364 phillips, cabell, 350 , 411 , 421 , 423 point iv, 393 , 438 pontiac, michigan, 312 porter, paul, 117 postmaster general of the united states, 215 , 314-316 potsdam, east … w. stuart, 243 , 440 and administration of president truman, 356 tabor, representative john, 7 taft-hartley act, 44 ten point civil rights message, 206 , 268 tennessee valley authority, 367 texas, 65 , 102 , 149 thomas, senator elbert, 7 …
James W. Riddleberger Oral History Interview, April 26, 1972
… you see. hess: if he didn't know it he would say so and ask. riddleberger: he'd say so, and ask. that of course, from the point of those of us in the state department was an admirable trait, because there couldn't be confusion you see about … there, he was in one sense the chairman too. hess: that's right. riddleberger: you see, stalin was technically at that point, not a head of state and churchill was not either, nor was attlee when he replaced churchill after the british … didn't come back until the end of his administration. i was about to say the same thing, the truman doctrine, the point iv, the whole direction of american policy for which he took responsibility for after the war, the major decisions on germany …
John M. Cabot Oral History Interview
… others were very sound and worked out very well. i think it's only fair to say that rockefeller was the real leader of the point iv program. he's done so much good around the world on the whole. mckinzie: was rockefeller's organization effectively controlled by the department, from your point of view? cabot: no, it wasn't. you never knew what was going to turn up next. sometimes you'd find out about it in the …
Paul H. Nitze Oral History Interviews, August 5 and August 6, 1975
… policy planning staff; marshall plan; balance of payments policy; committee for european economic cooperation; origins of point iv program; truman doctrine; trieste question; nsc-68; joint strategic survey committee; nuclear war strategy; korean war; … work would be less efficiently used in such a large device than in a larger number of smaller fission weapons. his main point was that if such a thing were technologically feasible, it would be easier for us to do [236] it with our more …
Theodore Achilles Oral History Interview
… such a mobilization of moral and material force will inspire confidence and energy within and respect elsewhere." at that point western europe was devastated, prostrate and demoralized and it badly needed confidence and energy within. with the … to the committee and to the europeans although they were not overly enthusiastic. with agreement on this the critical point reached, the final language, therefore, read: the parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in … public opinion, 64-66 "working group", deliberations of, 27-36 pearson, lester (mike), 48 , 50 , 104-105 , 107 , 111 point iv, 67 , 135 pereira, ambassador pedro teotonio, 61 portugal, and nato, 60-62 rogers, louis, 18 roosevelt, franklin d., death …
Philip Trezise Oral History Interview
… people concerned with china came to that conclusion along in '47-48, as things began to go down hill. now, there is a point which is commonly [10] forgotten, that we did finally undertake a program of aid to china on about that scale and as … would have been necessary [17] to make it go. mckinzie: was it anticipatory, in some sense, of what later happened in point iv, only that your vision was somewhat larger? trezise: well, i suppose in a matter of speaking it was. actually, i guess i …
Paul H. Nitze Oral History Interviews, June 11 and June 17, 1975
… policy planning staff; marshall plan; balance of payments policy; committee for european economic cooperation; origins of point iv program; truman doctrine; trieste question; nsc-68; joint strategic survey committee; nuclear war strategy; korean war; … the left in order to be in the forefront of the evolving world situation. [henry, jr.] morgenthau had still a different point of view. his central interest, of course, was the defeat of hitler and the rescue of the jews, and penalties to the …
Ken Hechler Oral History Interview
… public papers and addresses of franklin d. roosevelt. johnson: i'm glad you mentioned that because we need to ask at this point how you got in touch with samuel rosenman. how did that originate? hechler: well, this was pretty much a case of just … thay're?" and the operator said, "just a minute, mr. macleish, and i'll put you right through." i was horrified at this point, but she said, "well, he's in with the [54] president and can't be disturbed now. should i have him call you at home?" … -- agriculture, [127] airports, electric power, fiscal policy, floods, foreign policy, housing, human resources, and point iv. so you were researching in all those subjects? hechler: yes. not only researching but preparing the local color for every …
Chief Justice Earl Warren Oral History Interview
… at the beginning of the campaign it was thought he was going to get a tremendous vote in california; [26] it shrunk to a point where i think he got a hundred and fifty thousand or something like that. hess: he got 190,381 in california, but … to speak at the convention, and i remember it was a very controversial time and some of the governors were critical to the point of talking with him to the point of bad manners it seemed to me, and i did what i could to keep the thing on an even … , 52 , 61 new york, new york, 20 , 29 , 59 oregon, 41 paducah, kentucky, 30 pennsylvania, 20 , 29 philadelphia, 24 point iv, 51 , 52 , 61 poland, 36 present at the creation , 34 presidential election campaign of 1944, 11 presidential election …
Edwin M. Wright Oral History Interview
… the bible --and belief that it is god's holy word and infallible, became a useful tool in zionist propaganda. i take the point of view that the bible [iii] is a mixture of hebrew legends and myths and cannot be used as an element in u.s. foreign … 1975. dr. shahak, professor of chemistry in hebrew university introduces his topic, "this collection of documents is [iv] intended to show that it (israel) is, at least in one of its most important characteristics, a state about which the … the ball rolling; how far dare we let it (israel's paranoia) determine american policy? (p. 467) time is vindicating the point of view of those state department specialists whom truman said he could not trust because they were "anti-semitic." his …
Thomas C. Mann Oral History Interview
… and plumbing. they said the most important thing in life was the spirit. now, this is traditional latin american point of view before and during the forties. there was a feeling that the u.s., being big and successful, was going to engulf … ten or fifteen years later. he became conservative. but in 1946 his view was essentially what i would consider a liberal point of view -- at least, liberal in the wilsonian sense that if the government isn't democratic, we were going to have to … we will do this, that, and the other." now, that's essentially what the aid program relationship is, whether it was point iv or later. now, let me give you an illustration to show you, if you take that theory that you just mentioned literally, how …